Google has introduced its latest quantum chip, Willow, which the company claims can solve complex problems in just five minutes—tasks that would take the world’s fastest supercomputers an unfathomable 10 septillion years to complete.
This announcement made on December 9 marks a significant advancement in quantum computing, which leverages the principles of particle physics to create powerful new technologies.
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What is quantum computing?
Quantum computing represents a revolutionary approach to processing information. Unlike classical computers that use bits (0s and 1s) as their smallest unit of data, quantum computers use quantum bits or qubits. Due to a property called superposition, qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, allowing quantum computers to process vast amounts of data at once. The more qubits a quantum computer has, the more powerful and efficient it can be.
Google’s claims about the Willow chip
Google has positioned its Willow quantum chip as a groundbreaking development in the quest for large-scale quantum computing. The chip features 105 qubits and enhances connectivity between them, which is crucial for executing complex calculations efficiently. Additionally, Willow reduces error rates—a significant challenge in quantum computing.
In demonstrating Willow’s capabilities, Google showcased its ability to complete a computational task in under five minutes, underscoring its potential. “The more qubits we use in Willow, the more we reduce errors,” said Google. The company highlighted its success in scaling up qubit arrays while simultaneously lowering error rates through advanced error correction techniques.
Potential applications of quantum computers
Experts believe quantum computers could transform various fields, including drug discovery, artificial intelligence, and cryptography. Their ability to solve intricate problems rapidly could lead to breakthroughs in developing new medicines and optimising logistics.
However, there are concerns surrounding the implications of quantum computing. For instance, these powerful machines could crack existing encryption methods protecting sensitive data. In response, tech companies like Apple are already working on “quantum-proof” encryption methods to safeguard information against future threats.
Timeline for commercial availability
While Willow represents a significant advancement in quantum technology, experts caution that it may still be some time before it becomes commercially viable. Hartmut Neven, head of Google’s Quantum AI lab, indicated that while practical applications for Willow could emerge soon, he did not provide a specific timeline for broader commercial availability.
The unveiling of Google’s Willow quantum chip marks an important milestone in the evolution of quantum computing. While it showcases remarkable potential for solving complex problems at unprecedented speeds, experts emphasise that practical applications are still years away. As research continues and technology advances, the future of quantum computing holds promise for transformative changes across various industries.
